Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights Essay In 1791, the Bill of Rights Essay, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The documents purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that it was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of government on the grounds that the Constitution, in which it was outlined, lacked clarity in the protections of the individuals. The Anti-Federalistswhose memory of British oppression was still fresh in their mindswanted certain rights and guarantees that were to be apart of the constitution (Glasser 1991). A clear demonstration of the Anti-Federalist attitude was performed by Samuel Bryan, who published a series of essays named the Cenitnal Essays, which assailed the sweeping power of the central government, the usurpation of state sovereignty, and the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing individual liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion (Bran 1986). Of course, the freedoms stated above are a portion and not the whole of The Bill of Rights. Ultimately, The Bill of Rights was adopted to appease the Anti-Federalists, whose support was necessary to ratify the constitution, and who believed that without the liberties granted therein, the new constitutionthat they thought was vague and granted too much power to the central governmentwould give way to an elite tyrannical government. The purpose of The Bill of Rights is to protect U. S. citizens from abuse of power that may be committed by the different areas of their government. It does this by expressing clear restrictions on the three braches of government laid out previously in the Constitution. As stated by Hugo Black, Associate Justice to the Supreme Court: The bill of rights protects people by clearly stating what government cant do by describing the procedures that government must follow when bringing its powers to bear against any person with a view to depriving him of his life, liberty, or property (Black 1960).' Each amendment either states what the government cannot do or limits its powers by providing certain procedures that it must abide by. To provide a few examples, one must take a closer look at some of these amendments. The First Amendment to the Constitution dictates that Congress shall make no law, which establishes a national religion, prohibits free speech or press, or which prevents the right to assemble or petition the government. In the language used, it expressly prohibits the legislative branch from making laws which would impose on the rights that were given to the people. According to Hugo Black, The Framers were well aware that the individual rights they sought to protect might be easily nullified if subordinated to the general powers granted to Congress. One of the reasons for adoption of the Bill of Rights was to prevent just that (Black 1960). The Third Amendment states that the right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure shall not be infringed. Again, this amendment is laying down restrictions on what government has power to do. Amendment Six provides the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have compulsory process for obtaining Witnesses in his favor, and to have Assistance of Counsel for his defense. This amendment states that if you are accused of a crime, you must have certain rights reserved which the courts are obliged to uphold. Furthermore, it outlines regulations that they must follow in order to protect those rights, such as obtaining witnesses and providing an impartial jury. The Eighth Amendment prevents the government from imposing excessive bail or fines and says cruel or unusual punishments, shall .

Legal and Ethical Considerations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal and Ethical Considerations - Research Paper Example The document is significant because both the contractor and the client  are protected  in terms of legal and ethical issues. Contracts  provide  terms and conditions that are either verbal or written (Susan and Katherine, 2000). In this context, we  review  how conflicts arise due to disagreements between the client and the contractor whereby part of the  crucial  details  has been omitted  in the contract documents and; therefore, this eventually affects the  progress  of the intended project. In the project, that  is intended  to help the community and the hospital by the provision of water supply whereby a water reservoir is to built, the contractor and the management team of the BAMC disagree on the ongoing  project  of  reservoir  construction. The disagreement occurred because the location of the reservoir  is situated  on  hard  granite rocks that require  expertise  and heavy machinery to blast the rocks before construction  i s commenced. ... Some of the mutual solutions that the contractor and the management team decided include the relocation of the reservoir site. The  reservoir  is supposed  to help the community and the hospital; therefore, the location should be at a central location. On the other side, if the  entire  location  is composed  of the hard rocks, then the  management  personnel of BAMC should reconsider the  compensation  of the contractors because the rocky  place  will require heavy  machinery  for blasting the rocks and this may be quite  costly  to the contractors. For a  consensus  to be achieved, both parties need to  comply  to the need of the other so that no  party  feels oppressed. A matter of  vast  concern  to contractors is how they can  make  stability  between quality and  security  against expenditure. Contractors  want  to  plan  a product that is of high quality but the  business  administrators  want  to  maintain  a low cost in the expense of quality product. At the end of this, various issues, which include business, official, and ethical issues, arise (Creswell, 2002). The  business  matters evolve around what organizations must do in order to  compete  in the business sector. The officially authorized and  moral  issues centers around what the organization should do. The contractor has a legal  responsibility  to  grant  safe  services and products. However, the contractor is legally responsible only for contractual  indemnity  and not for any additional destruction that the client may incur.  Although if the contractor commits fraud  deliberately, then he or she may be criminally  accountable  for the fraud committed. There are  various  challenges that are facing

The Human Rights in the Media in Syria Research Paper

The Human Rights in the Media in Syria - Research Paper Example Ajami further added that as for Yemen, the revolution was also an outcry against the attempts by the Saleh’s government to amend the country’s constitution (86). As for the Syrian revolt, it was partly contributed by the ethnic hatred between the minority and majority, whereby the ruling minority ethnic community lead by the Assad regime is accused of apply nepotisms in the distribution of national resources. Additionally, the Syrian crisis was propelled by the food crisis that has greatly affected the country, and of which the current Assad regime and the previous regime that was lead by his father are both accused of failing to make the nation food secure (Ajami, 23-31). Lesch lamented that it is only Syria, which is still experiencing intensified civil war since the advent of the Arab revolution while most of the Arab nations such as Yemen, Libya, Egypt, and Tunisia have at least returned to normalcy or the intensity of the crisis has reduced. This is because the cou ntries have recorded reforms in the governance of the nation and a change in the countries' top leadership that has been enabled by the elections conducted after the revolution (45-48). Lesch further lamented that the Syrian crisis is still intensified because President Assad is adamant on his position and has continued to defy the opposition. Moreover, the use of inhumane approach by President Assad loyal forces to quell the violence has continued to anger the opposition and even intensified the civil war within the country. Among the most inhumane approach that the Assad regime has used to fight back the opposition is the use of military tankers on both armed and unarmed protestors (102-113). Worse is the fact that off late the law enforcement officers have been threatening... This essay approves that current reports by the international media such as Cables News Network, British Broadcasting Corporation, and Al Jaezera all indicate that since the beginning of the Syrian crisis there has been thousands of death and injuries on both the pro-government supporters and opposition supporters in Syria. Secondly, the civil war in Syria has lead to the displacement of more than four million Syrians. Moreover, media reports indicate that many Syrians have fled to other neighbouring countries because of the civil unrest currently going on in their country and they are living in refugee camps where the standard of living is quite low. With reference to the United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is correct to assert that the crisis in Syria and in particular the Assad regime is responsible for committing human rights violation on men, women, and children. This report makes a conclusion that the UN is trying to support the Syrian population using the media by ensuring that their stories is widely covered in the international press and by encouraging the Syrian population to tell out their story to the rest of the world. The United Nations have also taken upon themselves to inform the rest of the world about the situation in Syria and to urge the rest of the World to publicly condemned the violence and human rights abuses that are taking place in Syria. Secondly, the UN while using the media has urged the rest of the world to join hands and call for peace in Syria. Thirdly, the UN while using the media to support the Syrian population has also asked the rest of the world to support the Syrian population during this difficult time through moral support and even material support.

What Makes for a Good Cut Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Makes for a Good Cut - Essay Example The example shown on the film pertains to the film â€Å"Jaws† where editing made the shark scenes more realistic and believable, and it elicited fear from the audience because the scenes were cut just in the right places where the fake shark wouldn’t be seen as a fake one but a real one. Another thing the editor considers is the shot which is being used. A good editor knows when a long shot or a close-up would be appropriate, or whether the focus on one actor or the other would be better enhanced. Melodramas made ample use of the close-ups during the early years of film, and this practice has been adapted to focus on the element of emotions up to now. There is also the aspect of the fluid movement. The editor is concerned with the fluidity of movement from one scene to the next. In old films as well as in recent ones, there are scenes where a long shot is made which cuts to a next frame which utilizes a much closer shot. The fluid movement from one frame to the next is the handiwork of the editor and the almost invisible cut in between determines how skillfully the editor performs his craft. A good editor also knows how to maximize the use of sounds and images to get the film’s message across. During early times, films were used for purposes of propaganda and in influencing people. Whether it is suspense, action, comedy, drama, an erotic film or a horror flick, the editor knows the exact sound and image to show the audience so that they are moved to respond in a certain way.  

Evolution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Evolution - Term Paper Example Moreover, such explanation (Mayr, 2002) of the evolution has emphasized primarily the God, foremost and final cause of appearances of first organism in this world that is the cell. From this cause, there has been evolution involving millions of years that enabled the single cell to evolve and transform into a mammal, or more specifically, the humans. In this regard, the theistic interpretation of evolution has been a factual explanation of the human evolution while involving the role of supernatural dynamics in the form of God that commenced everything. On the other hand, there exists the theory of evolution by Darwin (Larson, 2004) that has been the most popular name in this area of study, and has been successful in influencing and convincing a huge number of world populations. Especially scientists that follow Darwin in the case of human evolution, and agree that all creatures in this world have come after evolving from organisms of one cell, and millions of years turned them into multiple-celled organisms. Another explanation of the human evolution exists in the story that points out the location of East Africa, a heavily forested region that was a home for primate inhabitants of varying kinds approximately ten million years ago. However, after five million years, the region began to experience radical climatic alterations that altered from wet to more dry and barren conditions, and subsequently, the forested region changed from wet jungle to a desolated land. Such alteration inclined the primates to change their habitat from tree to the land that brought together the most atrocious forces of marauders on the land area of the globe. Such stories then connect the different varieties of wild animals found in African forests these days. In addition, such transformation from tree dwelling to ground-inhabitants provided the opportunity of humans to

An analysis of corporate governance in the GCC countries and the Literature review - 1

An analysis of corporate governance in the GCC countries and the impact of sharia law on it - Literature review Example Other than the parties within the organization, corporate governance is also concerned with the relationships that exist among the stakeholders of an organization and its impact to the achievement of the organization’s goals and objectives. In modern business organizations, major external business stakeholders include trade creditor, customers, suppliers, shareholders, debtors and the general public members who are directly or indirectly affected by the corporation’s activities (Maria and Thomas, 1999). There are also some internal stakeholders in every organization that too need to be taken care of by the management. These include the employees, board of directors, executives and management itself. The external stakeholders need more attention than the internal stakeholders since they are the one who help in meeting the expectations of the external ones. There are many debates held by scholars, researchers and modern economist on how economic well being is impacted by the corporate governance existing in a country or a certain trade block. The issue of concern here is the welfare of shareholders, who are the most sensitive external stakeholders in every corporation. Majority of these debaters argue that there is need to establish regulatory policies to ensure that companies have given the necessary priority to the needs of shareholders. To them economy efficiency in any country depends strongly on the ability of that country to attract many domestic and international investors. This can only be achieved if shareholders are satisfied hence attracting more investors or they can even increase their investment by increasing capital (Becht, 1997), There issue of concern in this study is basically on how corporate governance has been taking place in different parts of the world with more emphasis put on the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Works of Dickens Essay Example for Free

Works of Dickens Essay Compare the roles of institutions in A Kestrel for a Knave and the works of Dickens  Dickens and Hines use writing techniques to portray their institutions as impoverished and brutal places. Dickens is especially good at this. He can bring places to life with similes and metaphors. Dickens and Hines have added a fiery, tyrannical character in the shape of Mr Gradgrind, who every one fears and Mr Gryce. Both of whom are headmasters.  At the beginning of Hard Times Dickens disguises his characters by not giving them names, he does this to draw the reader into the novel. The Speaker and the schoolmaster, and the third grown person present  Both of the novels, although written 100 years apart show very little change in the schooling the children received. The authors show their institutions as plain and bare. Dickens even goes, as far as to say that the school room in Hard Times is a vault, not letting anyone in or out. monotonous vault of a schoolroom  Dickens likes to use repetition of words. Especially Facts and emphasis. He does this to show the squareness of Mr Gradgrind. Dickens does this to illustrate how he wants every thing to be regimented and perfect. Gradgrind had the premonition that all the children he schooled were only good for factory fodder. Hines has the same thought but did not put it so blatantly in his writing; this is because he does not want to sound so right wing. The two books are set in industrial towns. Hines does not name his town but it is in Northern England. Dickens named his town Coketown, because this is a major part of the smelting of iron, extremely important in the Victorian age and the industrial revolution, because without it none of the steps forward would have been made to modernise products and industries.  Both authors show that the children in their books have no prospects. They leave school only knowing enough to get them into a factory or coal mine.  Hines has injected a positive influence into A Kestrel for a Knave in the shape of Mr Farthing, Billys Teacher. Mr Farthing is a kind and gentle man a far cry from the harsh environment in which Billy lives. There is a profound lack of anything worth living for in Hard Times. This is because all of the children in the school in Hard Times are just going to end there lifes in a pit or factory, again this is because society in those days looked upon the working class as workers so this is were they where destined to be.  Hines and Dickens use the same writing techniques to gain full effect on the reader. For example they both use similes and metaphor. Institutions of the time consisted of workhouses, factories and schools. The workhouses, horrible places to live and work. Often run by money hungry fat cats, purely for the profit. They did not care how the children should be treated. These places were often very regimented, dull and laborious (as in the table scene in Oliver Twist, where Oliver Twist and colleges sat at two long tables eating the same food at the same pace.) There was also a lack of equality. In the factories people were paid next to nothing for very hard, dangerous work. It was not uncommon for a worker to lose a finger or even a whole hand because the machinery was not safety guarded. The schools were run like business. Sometimes the head teachers had deals with factories to send there school leavers to their factories or down their mines. Dickens describes Coketown with metaphors of animals this is I think to show that the inhabitants of Coketown were only animals, this also adds to the primitive nature of the town. Coke town is primitive because everybody fights for the best jobs and positions in the town. Also the way that Dickens describes the buildings as animals makes this scene primitive. Mr Gradgrind believes heavily in Utilitarianism. This concept originally the brainchild of Jeremy Bentham is made a mockery of by Dickens in Hard Times, with his ironic quotes and lines.  Dickens and Hines both use institutions in their novels to illustrate the poverty of the industrial town. The reader is able to sympathise with the characters in these novels through the ways that the two authors write.